|
The Bitch Wars or Suka Wars ((ロシア語:Сучьи войны) ''Suchyi voyny ''or in singular: ''Suchya voyna'') occurred within the Soviet labor camp system between 1945 and around the death of Joseph Stalin in 1953. The Russian word ''suka'' "сука" (literally, "bitch") has a stronger negative connotation than its English equivalent. In Russian criminal argot, it specifically refers to a person from the criminal world who had cooperated with law enforcement or the government, or "went bitch" ("ссучился" ''"ssuchilsya"''). Within the Russian prison system, there was a historical and social structure that had existed since the Tsarist Russian era. One of the important tenets of the system was that members would not serve or collaborate with the Tsarist and later Soviet government. This rule encompassed any kind of collaboration, not only "snitching" or "ratting."〔Varlam Shalamov, ''Essays on Criminal World'', "Bitch War" ((Shalamov's essay online ) ) in: Varlam Shalamov (1998) "Complete Works" (Варлам Шаламов. Собрание сочинений в четырех томах), vol. 2, printed by publishers ''Vagrius'' and ''Khudozhestvennaya Literatura'', ISBN 5-280-03163-1, ISBN 5-280-03162-3〕〔A. V. Kuchinsky ''Prison Encyclopedia'', (Кучинский А.В. - Тюремная энциклопедия, (a fragment online ) )〕 As World War II progressed, Joseph Stalin made an offer to many prisoners that in exchange for their military service they would be granted a pardon or reduction of service at the end of the war. After the end of the war many of those returned to prisons and labor camps, and were declared ''suki'' and placed on the lower end of the prisoner hierarchy. As a result they sought to survive through collaboration with prison officials, and in return got some of the better jobs within the prison.〔Varlam Shalamov, ''Essays on Criminal World'', "Bitch War" ((Shalamov's essay online ) ) in: Varlam Shalamov (1998) "Complete Works" (Варлам Шаламов. Собрание сочинений в четырех томах), vol. 2, printed by publishers ''Vagrius'' and ''Khudozhestvennaya Literatura'', ISBN 5-280-03163-1, ISBN 5-280-03162-3〕 This, along with the ''suki'' involvement in the Soviet military, started an internal prison war between the military veterans and the leaders of the Russian criminal underground, or "Thieves in Law." Many prisoners were killed in the Bitch Wars. Prison authorities turned a blind eye, since prisoner deaths reduced the overall prison population. ==See also== *Kengir uprising *Russian Mafia *Russian oligarch 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bitch Wars」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|